Clean water crisis in Sampang, Papua (Draft)

We, from the Hydrocare Organization, are aiming to fix the water crisis problem in the villages of Sampang, Papua. We will try to fix this problem with by promoting a campaign to develop and use water filtration systems in the villages of Sampang.

There are eighty-four villages in 11 districts in Sampang, East Java that are running out of clean water. On Wednesday, 02 October, 2013, 15:48 WIB Wisnu Abdullah, Chief of Disaster Risk Management Agency (BNPB) for Sampang, said on Tuesday that the number have increased from last month; where only 59 villages reported water scarcity. Wisnu said that, “The data is in accordance to the report of each district head.”

To address the issue, Wisnu said, BNPB relies on the delivery of clean water using water tank vehicles. The severest drought is happening on northern part of the Sampang District, which includes sub-districts Omben, Karang Penang and Kedungdung. “If by October we are still on a drought, we will seek help from the provincial budget.” Usman, a resident of Kedungdung Village, said that in order to get clean water he has to purchase it from another village four kilometers away. “The price is Rp2,000 per five liters.”

As we can see here and based on our opinion, the price of water may be a little too expensive for the villagers with little income to support their families. In order to make it easier for them we, as stated before, will decrease the water problem in the villages of Sampang, Papua by developing water filtration systems. We will also hold a fund-raising program to help out our cause in buying pipes and other things needed in the water filtration systems.

Letter for the next president

Dear,

Mr Prabowo subianto

Assalamu’alaikum Wr.Wb.

 First of all give thanks to Allah SWT because Allah still give us health and protection to make our Nation more peaceful.

Salawat and salam to our beloved prophet Muhammad SAW that has brought us from darkness into lightness.

 With honor and all respect, we are Muhammand Alariq Alghifari and Muhammad Handika Fadhlurrahman Noer, we would like to present an opinion on things that we suggest to support you as the next president of Republic Indonesia.

 As we can see nowadays Indonesia is well known as a developing country in international world, either in politics, economics, and national defense.

But, if we see the conflicts inside of our country is horrible, the biggest problem in our country are corruption and criminalities.

 The corruption rate in Indonesia is increasing every year, this corruption can make both the country and the government suffer. We personally think that the corruption here is like parasites that can ruin the governmental structure, it becomes the main obstacles for government and developing processes.

 The government have to always be cautious of corruption, law in Indonesia must be more assertive base on UUD 1945 and corruptors have to be punished as heavy as possible.

 Observing many criminalities that happened in Indonesia, that is so terrifying. From kidnapping, murdering, sexual abuse. From any criminals act there must be victims, whether from wealth or lives. Criminals act happened because of less appliances of law, and the condition of this country is on lack of employment and also economy crisis.

 Hopefully you can be much better in the future to lead this country accordance with what people wants.

Wassalamu’alaikum Wr.Wb.

Summary Chapter 11

USING MENTAL METHOD: 11.1

Some percentages are easy to find because they are simple fraction.

*if you know 10%, you can find any multiple of 10%

EXAMPLE:

1. a) 35% of 84               b) 49% of 230

       35% = 25% + 10%       50% - 1%

       25% = 21                    50% = 115

       10% = 8,4                   1% = 2,3

       35% = 21 + 8,4            49 % = 155 – 2,3

       = 29,4                        =112,7

    C) 77% of 4400                        d) 99% of 7900          e) 45% of  56 000

        77% = 100% - 25% + 2%      99%= 100% - 1%      45% = 50% - 5%

        100% = 4400                           100% = 7900             50% = 28 000

        25% = 1100                              1% = 79                     5% = 280

        2% = 44                                  99% = 7900 - 79       45% = 28000 - 280

        77% = 4400 – 1100 + 44         = 7821                         =27720

        =3344

2. A. look at alicia's method for finding 85%.

        Answer = 50% + 25% + 10% 

    B. work out 85 % of:

        i) 7200g                                   ii) $64                         iii) 3.6m/ 360cm           iv) 1800ml

          50% = 3600                             50% = 32                     50% = 180                   50% = 900

          25% = 1800                             25 % = 16                    25% = 90                      25% = 450 

          10% = 720                               10% = 6,4                    10% = 36                      10 % = 180

          85 % = 3600 + 1800 + 720    85% = 32+16+6,4        85% = 180+90+36         85% =                                                                                                                                                        900+450+ 180

         = 6120g                                    = $272/$5                     = 306cm/3,06m            = 1530ml

        v) 85 second

            50% = 42.5

            25% = 21.25

            10% = 85

            85% = 42.5+21.25.85

            = 72,25

3. Use this fact ( 26% OF $78 = 20.28 ) to find:

    a) 52% of $78         b) 13% of 78kg        C) 65% of 78        d) 104% of 78 milion

        20.28 x 2  = 41        20.28 / 2 = 11                                     20.28 x 4 = 82

COMPARING DIFFERENT QUANTITIES: 11.2

You will need to compare groups that are different size.

 EXAMPLE:

1. There were 270 people in cinema.There were 168 women and 102 men.

    There were 152 people in a theatre . There were 78 women and 74 men.

    a) work out the percentage of women in each value

        cinema: 168/270 x 100 = 62%

        theatre: 78/152 x 100 =  52%

    b) work out the percentage of men in each value

        cinema: 102/270 x 100 =38%

        theatre: 74/152 x 100 = 48%

2. There are 425 girls & 381 boys in a school. 31 girls & 48 boys are overweight.

    a) work out the percentage  of the girls are overweight

        31/425 x 100 = 7%

    b) work out the percentage of the boys are overweight

         48/381 x 100 = 12%

    c) work out the percentage of all the students that are over weight

        79/860 x 100 = 9%

3. This table shows the result of survey in factory

     

                 smoker     non-smoker   total  

    men          12               64             76

    women      9                32             41

a) What percentage of men are smoker

     12/76 x 100 = 15%

b) Compare the percentage of men and women who are non-smoker

    men: 64/76 x 100 = 84%

    women: 32/41 x 100 = 78%

    

PERCENTAGE CHANGES: 11.3

 You can use percentages to describe a changes in a quantity. it could be increase or decrease.

 A percentage change is always calculated as a percentage of the initial value.

The initial value is 100%. it is important to choose the correct value to be 100%.

EXAMPLE:

 1. Here are the prices of three items in Alain,s shop.

     Game 40%     Phone $120     Computer $500

Alain increase all the prices by $10. Find the percentage increase for each items.

Game: 10/40 x 100 = 25%     Phone: 10/120 x100 = 8.3%   Computer: 10/500 x 100 = 2%

2. These are the masses of three children one April.

     Luke 6 kg   Bridget 14 kg     Tomas 25 kg

Over year, the mass of each of them increased by 10%.  Work out the new mass of each child.

    

 Luke: 10/100 x 6 =0.6kg      Bridget: 10/100 x 14 = 1,4kg    Tomas: 10/100 x 25 = 2,5kg

3. The price of a car was $20 000. In ta sale, the price decreased by 4%.
    After the sale it increased 4%.
a) What mistakes has Ahmad made?
    estimating the sales price

b)What is the correct price after the sales?
   4% =>  4/100 x $20 000 = 800
         = 20 000 - 800 = 19.200

   price after sale = 4/100 x 19 200 = 768
                          = 19 200 + 768


PRACTICAL EXAMPLES: 11.4

Profit: sell for more than you buy.
Loss: sell for less than you buy.
Discount: reduction in the price, it is usually given as a percentage
Interest: bank charges
Tax: if you buy something the price may include a additional price.
EXAMPLES:
 1. A woman bought an old chair for $240. She sold it for $300.
     Work out the percentage profit.

  $300 - $240 = 60
  60/240 x 100% = 25%

2. A man bought a car for $15 900. He sold      it for $9500
    Work out the percentage loss.

15 900 - 9500 = 6400
6400/15900 x 100% = 40,25%

3.A bottle of juice costs $6.50.
  If you buy six bottle you can get 10% discount.
  Work out how much he sells them for.

6 x 6.5 = 39
Discount = 10/100 x 39 =3,9
after discount = 39 - 3,9 = 35,1
39-35,1 = 3.9

Tropology of network

Bus Topology

Bus networks (not to be confused with the system bus of a computer) use a common backbone to connect all devices. A single cable, the backbone functions as a shared communication medium that devices attach or tap into with an interface connector. A device wanting to communicate with another device on the network sends a broadcast message onto the wire that all other devices see, but only the intended recipient actually accepts and processes the message.

Ethernet bus topologies are relatively easy to install and don't require much cabling compared to the alternatives. 10Base-2 ("ThinNet") and 10Base-5 ("ThickNet") both were popular Ethernet cabling options many years ago for bus topologies. However, bus networks work best with a limited number of devices. If more than a few dozen computers are added to a network bus, performance problems will likely result. In addition, if the backbone cable fails, the entire network effectively becomes unusable.

Ring Topology

In a ring network, every device has exactly two neighbors for communication purposes. All messages travel through a ring in the same direction (either "clockwise" or "counterclockwise"). A failure in any cable or device breaks the loop and can take down the entire network.

To implement a ring network, one typically uses FDDI, SONET, or Token Ring technology. Ring topologies are found in some office buildings or school campuses.

HawkEye and GoalRef

That bad call, however, would still not have been avoided even if the technology that FIFA has approved today—through the International Football Association Board (IFAB)—had been in place.

The approved tech only affects ghost goals. Ghost goals occur when the ball passes the goal line but then jumps straight back out. Technically, it is a goal. But referees sometimes don't call it as such because they can't see it from their point of view—even while the entire world can see it clearly on their TVs.

Other times, the refs seem to have ignoble intentions—like when Lampard scored for England against Germany in South Africa '10, or Spain's Michel kicked the ball inside Brazil's goal in Mexico '86 only for it to bounce out.

The first technology is called HawkEye, which had been used in tennis for quite some time. HawkEye's cameras will be installed on the pitch's goalposts. They will track the ball and make sure it has passed the line.

For redundancy, there will be another tracking technology called GoalRef. Developed by Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS, GoalRef uses a low magnetic field around the goals, creating an invisible radio curtain. When the ball fully goes through that curtain, the magnetic field changes and the system sends an alert to the referee's wristwatch.Both will be great additions that will avoid extremely bad and embarrassing decisions by the referee.

Chapter 10.1 & 10.2 summary

CALCULATING STATISTIC: 10.1

Statistic can be use to summarise sets of data, and also use them to compare sets of data.

There  are three different average:

1. Mode: most common value or numaber
2. Median: the middle value, when they listed in order
3. Mean: the sum of all the value divided by the numbers of values.

Range is not an average. it measure how spread out a set of values or numbers is.

For a large set of data, its not practical to list every number separately. instead you can record the data in frequency table.

EXAMPLE:
the table shows the number of breads on 200 necklaces

Number of breads: 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50
Frequency            : 34, 48, 61, 30, 15, 12

A. find the mode
B. Find the mean
C. Find the range

ANSWER:
A. The mode is 35
B. (25x34 + 30x48 + 35x61 + 40x30 + 45x15 + 50x12) = 6900
   
     6900 divided by 200(sum of all frequencies) = 34.5
C. 50 - 25 = 25 (this is the difference between the largest and the smallest number of bread)


USING STATISTIC: 10.2

If you want to measure how spread out a set of measurement is, the range is the most useful statistic.

Here is a summary to help you decide which average to choose

• choose the mode if you want to know which is the most commonly occurring number.
• the median is the middle value, when the data values put in order. half the numbers are greater than the median and the half the number are less than the median
• the mean depends on every value. if you change one number you can change the mean.   

EXAMPLE:

Here are the ages, in years, of the football players in football team.
Work out the average age.
16, 17, 18, 18, 20, 20, 21, 21, 32, 41

• The mode is not good choice. There are three modes. Each has a frequency of only 2.
• The mean will be affected by two oldest people. they are much older and will distort the value. In fact the mean is 22.1 and nine people are younger than this; only two are older 
• the median is 20 and this is the best average to use in this case. Five player are younger than the median and five are older

Logic test

1. If you saw a person that need help, you would:
    A. help
    B. call police
    C. do nothing

2. If you could be a hero, you would be:
    A. The Joker
    B. Captain America
    C. Office boy

3. If you could choose any type of weapon, you would choose:
    A. slingshot
    B. fire arm
    C. brass knuckle

4. Imagine your family are killed, you would:
    A. be a vigilante
    B. call the police
    C. call ambulance

5.Imagine you are stranded on an island with no supplies, you would:
    A. sleep
    B.try to survive
    C. swim back to where you come from





1. a=1       11-15= perfect
    b=3       less than 10= normal
    c=2       less than 6= not smart enough
2. a=2
    b=1
    c=3
3. a=2
    b=1
    c=3
4. a=2
    b=1
    c=3
5. a=2
    b=3
    c=1